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USGS Well Numbers in Washington
The USGS assign numbers to wells and springs in Washington that identify their location in a township, range, and section. Well number 12N/26E-31C01 indicates, successively, the township (T.12 N.) and range (R.26 E.) north and east of the Willamette Baseline and Meridian. The first number following the hyphen indicates the section (31) within the township , and the letter following the section number gives the 40-acre subdivision of the section. The number (01) following the letter is the sequence number of the well within the 40-acre subdivision. This number indicates that the well was the second one inventoried by the USGS personnel in that 40-acre tract. An "S" following the sequence number indicates that the site is a spring, a "D1" after the sequence number indicates that the original depth of the well has been changed once, and successive number indicate the number of changes in the well depth.
Source: Water Resources Data Washington Water Year 2002, page 16.