USGS Water-Year Summary 2023

435239095074801 WLN07 105N36W23DCCCBC01 Windom D28 0000620728

Sand and gravel aquifers (glaciated regions)
Des Moines Outwash

LOCATION - Lat 43°52'38.30", long 95°07'48.35" referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in SW 1/4 SW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.23, T.105 N., R.36 W., Cottonwood County, MN, Hydrologic Unit 07100001, In Windom, Minnesota; north-side of Windom Area High School.

REVISIONS HISTORY - Previously published water temperature values during 20 Sept. 2017 at 15:00 CDT to 08 May 2017 at 09:00 CDT were adjusted by -0.1°C based on a more accurately calibrated transducer thermistor, which was deployed in this well on 02 Aug. 2017 at 12:00 CDT.

GROUNDWATER RECORDS

WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 20.5 ft. Upper casing diameter 2.02 in; top of first opening 15.51 ft, bottom of last opening 19.77 ft. The hole for well WLN07 was drilled with an 8.25-inch-diameter, hollow stem auger drill rig to a depth of 69 feet. The well is constructed of a 4.26-feet-long, 2.02-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC, 0.010-inch slotted well screen, attached to 15.57 feet of 2.02-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC well casing. The well casing measuring point (stickup) was 2.28 feet (1362.06 ft. NAVD88, ±0.01 ft.) above land surface when measured on 20 September 2016. The open interval of the well is between 15.51 and 19.77 feet below land surface and the total well depth is 19.82 feet below land surface.

DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,359.78 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: PVC casing, 2.34 ft above land-surface datum, Oct. 6, 1998 to Sep. 20, 2016; Black mark on top of 2-inch PVC well casing, not protection post, 2.28 ft above land-surface datum, Sep. 20, 2016 to present. The measuring point is a black mark on the top of the 2-inch PVC well casing (not protection post), which was 2.28 feet above land surface on 20 Sept. 2016. Elevation of that measuring point was 1362.06 ±0.01 feet above sea level, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, based on a differential GPS survey.

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Water levels were measured periodically from 06 October 1998 to 19 July 2001. Periodic water level measurements resumed on 20 September 2016 to the present. Water levels were recorded hourly from 20 September 2016 at 13:00 CDT to 09 April 2024 at 13:00 CDT. Water levels were recorded quarter-hourly from 09 April 2024 at 14:15 CDT to the present, except during the following periods:

29 Aug. 2019 at 11:00 CDT - 03 Sept. 2019 at 12:00 CDT: due to transducer failure.

GAGE -

Water level and water temperature are currently measured with a WaterLOG H-3123 submersible pressure transducer nominally accurate to 0.01 feet and 0.1°C, respectively. An Onset RG3, unheated, tipping-bucket rain gage measures precipitation and is nominally accurate to 0.01 inches. Water level, water temperature, precipitation, shelter temperature, and battery voltage are all recorded by a Campbell Scientific, Inc. CR295X data logger, which currently records all data quarter-hourly. The data logger is housed in a 12-inch X 14-inch grey fiberglass shelter attached to the antenna mast. The gage is powered by a 20W solar panel and 12v, 20Ah station battery and is telemetered by GOES satellite telemetry with a Campbell Scientific, Inc. TX321-G GOES V2 HDR data transmitter.

COOPERATION -

Well WLN07 is currently operated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate-Response Network (CRN) program.

This site was also monitored during 1998-2001 for USGS Scientific Investigations Report: “Hydrogeology and Ground-Water/Surface-Water Interactions in the Des Moines River Valley, Southwestern Minnesota, 1997–2001”. USGS SIR 2005-5219.

REMARKS -

Well WLN07 (formerly named: D28) was drilled on 06 October 1998 by the U.S. Geological Survey as a monitoring well for the Des Moines River Groundwater/Surface-water study. The well was used during 1998-2001 as part of the Des Moines River Groundwater/Surface-water study. Beginning on 20 September 2016, this well was incorporated into the national USGS Climate-Response Network (CRN). This site replaced the discontinued CRN site: USGS: 442917095183701 (WLN02).

During 8-29 Aug. 2019, the pressure transducer began to show signs of failure. The water level record become more noisy during this period, before the pressure transducer failed on 29 Aug. 2019. During this period, water level data should be considered accurate to ±0.04 ft.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD -

Highest instantaneous water level: 7.99 ft. below land-surface datum on 15 July 2018.
Lowest instantaneous water level: 16.39 ft below land-surface datum on 05 January 2023.

Highest manual (discrete) water level: 9.60 ft. below land-surface datum on 12 April 2019.
Lowest manual (discrete) water level: 15.95 ft below land-surface datum on 20 October 2022.

CLIMATOLOGICAL RECORDS

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Precipitation were recorded quarter-hourly from 02 August 2017 at 13:45 CDT to the present, except during the following periods:

05 Aug. 2023 at 17:30 CDT - 07 Aug. 2023 at 11:30 CDT: due to partially plugged funnel.

INSTRUMENTATION - Precipitation is measured with an Onset RG3 tipping-bucket rain gage, which is accurate to 0.01 inches. The rain gage is unheated and uncovered during the winter. Thus precipitation data during freezing periods (about December through early April) result from melting of snow during warm periods and do NOT represent actual precipitation.

WATER-QUALITY RECORDS

WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 20.5 ft. Upper casing diameter 2.02 in; top of first opening 15.51 ft, bottom of last opening 19.77 ft. The hole for well WLN07 was drilled with an 8.25-inch-diameter, hollow stem auger drill rig to a depth of 69 feet. The well is constructed of a 4.26-feet-long, 2.02-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC, 0.010-inch slotted well screen, attached to 15.57 feet of 2.02-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC well casing. The well casing measuring point (stickup) was 2.28 feet (1362.06 ft. NAVD88, ±0.01 ft.) above land surface when measured on 20 September 2016. The open interval of the well is between 15.51 and 19.77 feet below land surface and the total well depth is 19.82 feet below land surface.

DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,359.78 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: PVC casing, 2.34 ft above land-surface datum, Oct. 6, 1998 to Sep. 20, 2016; Black mark on top of 2-inch PVC well casing, not protection post, 2.28 ft above land-surface datum, Sep. 20, 2016 to present. The measuring point is a black mark on the top of the 2-inch PVC well casing (not protection post), which was 2.28 feet above land surface on 20 Sept. 2016. Elevation of that measuring point was 1362.06 ±0.01 feet above sea level, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, based on a differential GPS survey.

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Water temperatures were recorded hourly from 20 September 2016 at 12:00 CDT to 09 April 2024 at 13:00 CDT. Water temperatures were recorded quarter-hourly from 09 April 2024 at 14:15 CDT to the present, except during the following periods:

12 Oct. 2016 at 13:00-18:00 CDT: due to well integrity test.

02 Aug. 2017 at 09:00-15:00 CDT: due to transducer replacement.

COOPERATION -

Well WLN07 is currently operated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate-Response Network (CRN) program.

This site was also monitored during 1998-2001 for USGS Scientific Investigations Report: “Hydrogeology and Ground-Water/Surface-Water Interactions in the Des Moines River Valley, Southwestern Minnesota, 1997–2001”. USGS SIR 2005-5219.

INSTRUMENTATION -

Water temperatures are currently measured with a WaterLOG H-3123 submersible pressure transducer during 02 Aug. 2017 at 15:00 CDT to the present, which are accurate to ±0.1°C. Differences in temperature are also accurate to 0.1°C. 

Water temperature were measured with an OTT Orpheus Mini submersible pressure transducer during 20 Sept. 2016 at 15:00 CDT to 02 Aug. 2017 at 09:00 CDT, which were accurate to ±0.1°C. Differences in temperature are accurate to 0.1°C.