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USGS Water-Year Summary 2024
464112092531401 CWO2-A Cromwell Near Nest 0000773068
Till Deposits
LOCATION - Lat 46°41'12", long 92°53'14" referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in sec.33, T.49 N., R.20 W., Carlton County, MN, Hydrologic Unit 07010103, The piezometer is located approximately 200 ft. west of the Villa Vista Senior Living building in Cromwell, Minnesota. The piezometer is located inside a locked and gated fenced area that surrounds the City of Cromwell's well-field and well house. The piezometer is located approximately 0.14 miles west of the intersection of MN HWY 73 and Villa Vista Circle.
GROUNDWATER RECORDS
WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 35.17 ft. Upper casing diameter 1.2 in; top of first opening 32.3 ft, bottom of last opening 34.96 ft. The hole for piezometer CWO2-A was drilled with an 8.25-inch-diameter, hollow stem auger drill rig to a depth of 174 feet. The piezometer is constructed of a 2.66-feet-long, 1.25-inch-diameter, schedule-80 PVC, 0.010-inch slotted Environmental Manufacturing Inc. well screen, attached with glued PVC couplings with length/s of 10.00 feet of 1.25-inch-diameter, schedule-80 PVC well casing. The well casing measuring point (stickup) was 2.39 feet (1334.67 ft. NAVD88, +/- 0.1 ft.) above land surface when measured on 09 July 2015. The open interval of the well is between 32.30 and 34.96 feet below land surface and the total well depth is 35.17 feet below land surface.
This piezometer is screened in a glacial till layer, which is the confining unit above where nearby city wells pump from a confined aquifer.
This piezometer is screened in a glacial till layer, which is the confining unit above where nearby city wells pump from a confined aquifer.
DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,332.28 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: Yellow mark on top of grey 1.25-inch PVC well casing, not top of steel protection post, 2.39 ft above land-surface datum, Jul. 9, 2015 to present. The measuring point is a yellow mark on the top of the grey PVC 1.25-inch well casing, which was 2.39 feet above land surface on 21 July 2015. Elevation of the measuring point is 1334.67 plus-or-minus 0.1 feet above sea level, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, based on differential GPS and optical survey on 29 September 2015.
Optical levels were ran on 19 May 2016 to check on potential movement of the piezometer measuring point. Obvious visual signs of protection post and concrete pad heaving, but levels showed the measuring point to have moved -0.012 ft. A datum correction was not applied since change was so small. Therefore, water levels below land surface are considered accurate to 0.02 feet due to piezometer movement from heaving.
Optical levels were ran on 19 May 2016 to check on potential movement of the piezometer measuring point. Obvious visual signs of protection post and concrete pad heaving, but levels showed the measuring point to have moved -0.012 ft. A datum correction was not applied since change was so small. Therefore, water levels below land surface are considered accurate to 0.02 feet due to piezometer movement from heaving.
PERIOD OF RECORD - Water levels were recorded periodically from 29 July 2015 to 25 April 2017. Water levels were recorded hourly from 11 December 2015 at 10:00 CST to 25 April 2017 at 08:00 CDT, except during the following periods:
27 Apr. 2016 at 09:00 CDT: due to transducer removal during well purge.
13 May 2016 at 10:00-13:00 CDT: due to transducer removal during water sampling.
When possible, missing daily-average water levels (above) were accurately estimated based on the trend of the hydrograph during these periods.
NOTE: Continuous water level data is commonly noisy at this site. This is likely due to combination of influences. including barometric pressure changes, nearby pumping, and/or the piezometer being screened in the clay till unit.
27 Apr. 2016 at 09:00 CDT: due to transducer removal during well purge.
13 May 2016 at 10:00-13:00 CDT: due to transducer removal during water sampling.
When possible, missing daily-average water levels (above) were accurately estimated based on the trend of the hydrograph during these periods.
NOTE: Continuous water level data is commonly noisy at this site. This is likely due to combination of influences. including barometric pressure changes, nearby pumping, and/or the piezometer being screened in the clay till unit.
GAGE - Continuous water level, water temperature, and battery voltage are measured with an OTT Orpheus Mini 0-10m pressure transducer. These data are recorded hourly by the same OTT Orpheus Mini pressure transducer, which has a data logger built into it. The data logger is housed inside of the 2-inch PVC well casing, which has an aluminum locking well cap on top the 6-inch black steel protection post. The gage is powered by 3 AA lithium batteries that are inside of the data logger communications rod. Data is downloaded manually and no telemetry or phone line is wired into the gage.
The pressure transducer and data logger were removed from the well on 25 April 2017 at 08:28 CDT. Data collection for the Confining Beds "phase 1" study have concluded and all data logging equipment have been removed from the sites.
COOPERATION - This site was operated (2015-2017) by the U.S. Geological Survey as a monitoring well for the Glacial Confining Beds Study. The well began to be used as part of the Glacial Confining Beds Study immediately after installation on 09 July 2015. The Confining Beds Study is a collaborative effort between the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund, Iowa State University, Minnesota Geological Survey, and the U.S. Geological Survey.
CLIMATOLOGICAL RECORDS
PERIOD OF RECORD - Precipitation were recorded quarter-hourly from 11 December 2015 at 10:45 CST to 25 April 2017 at 07:45 CDT, except during the following periods:
14 Jan. 2016 at 08:45-09:00 CST: due to re-programming and replacing battery on rain gage.
27 Apr. 2016 at 10:15-11:30 CDT: due to site inspection and calibration of rain gage.
19 May 2016 at 11:45 CDT: due to site inspection of rain gage.
16 Aug. 2016 at 03:00 CDT - 13 Oct. 2016 at 15:45 CDT: due to blocked tipping buckets.
14 Jan. 2016 at 08:45-09:00 CST: due to re-programming and replacing battery on rain gage.
27 Apr. 2016 at 10:15-11:30 CDT: due to site inspection and calibration of rain gage.
19 May 2016 at 11:45 CDT: due to site inspection of rain gage.
16 Aug. 2016 at 03:00 CDT - 13 Oct. 2016 at 15:45 CDT: due to blocked tipping buckets.
INSTRUMENTATION - Precipitation is measured with an Onset RG3 tipping-bucket rain gage, which is accurate to 0.01 inches. The rain gage is unheated and uncovered during the winter. Thus precipitation data during freezing periods (about December through early April) result from melting of snow during warm periods and do NOT represent actual precipitation.
WATER-QUALITY RECORDS
WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 35.17 ft. Upper casing diameter 1.2 in; top of first opening 32.3 ft, bottom of last opening 34.96 ft. The hole for piezometer CWO2-A was drilled with an 8.25-inch-diameter, hollow stem auger drill rig to a depth of 174 feet. The piezometer is constructed of a 2.66-feet-long, 1.25-inch-diameter, schedule-80 PVC, 0.010-inch slotted Environmental Manufacturing Inc. well screen, attached with glued PVC couplings with length/s of 10.00 feet of 1.25-inch-diameter, schedule-80 PVC well casing. The well casing measuring point (stickup) was 2.39 feet (1334.67 ft. NAVD88, +/- 0.1 ft.) above land surface when measured on 09 July 2015. The open interval of the well is between 32.30 and 34.96 feet below land surface and the total well depth is 35.17 feet below land surface.
This piezometer is screened in a glacial till layer, which is the confining unit above where nearby city wells pump from a confined aquifer.
This piezometer is screened in a glacial till layer, which is the confining unit above where nearby city wells pump from a confined aquifer.
DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,332.28 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: Yellow mark on top of grey 1.25-inch PVC well casing, not top of steel protection post, 2.39 ft above land-surface datum, Jul. 9, 2015 to present. The measuring point is a yellow mark on the top of the grey PVC 1.25-inch well casing, which was 2.39 feet above land surface on 21 July 2015. Elevation of the measuring point is 1334.67 plus-or-minus 0.1 feet above sea level, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, based on differential GPS and optical survey on 29 September 2015.
Optical levels were ran on 19 May 2016 to check on potential movement of the piezometer measuring point. Obvious visual signs of protection post and concrete pad heaving, but levels showed the measuring point to have moved -0.012 ft. A datum correction was not applied since change was so small. Therefore, water levels below land surface are considered accurate to 0.02 feet due to piezometer movement from heaving.
Optical levels were ran on 19 May 2016 to check on potential movement of the piezometer measuring point. Obvious visual signs of protection post and concrete pad heaving, but levels showed the measuring point to have moved -0.012 ft. A datum correction was not applied since change was so small. Therefore, water levels below land surface are considered accurate to 0.02 feet due to piezometer movement from heaving.
PERIOD OF RECORD - Water temperatures were recorded hourly from 11 December 2015 at 11:00 CST to 25 April 2017 at 08:00 CDT, except during the following periods:
27 Apr. 2016 at 09:00 CDT: due to transducer removal during well purge.
13 May 2016 at 10:00-12:00 CDT: due to transducer removal during water sampling.
30 Jun. 2016 at 15:00 CDT: due to a site visit.
The missing daily-average water temperatures (above) were accurately estimated based on the trend of the thermograph during these periods.
27 Apr. 2016 at 09:00 CDT: due to transducer removal during well purge.
13 May 2016 at 10:00-12:00 CDT: due to transducer removal during water sampling.
30 Jun. 2016 at 15:00 CDT: due to a site visit.
The missing daily-average water temperatures (above) were accurately estimated based on the trend of the thermograph during these periods.
COOPERATION - This site was operated (2015-2017) by the U.S. Geological Survey as a monitoring well for the Glacial Confining Beds Study. The well began to be used as part of the Glacial Confining Beds Study immediately after installation on 09 July 2015. The Confining Beds Study is a collaborative effort between the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund, Iowa State University, Minnesota Geological Survey, and the U.S. Geological Survey.
INSTRUMENTATION - Water temperature are measured with an OTT Orpheus Mini submersible pressure transducer accurate to +/- 0.1°C. Temperature differences are accurate to 0.1°C.
