USGS Water-Year Summary 2025

474125096120602 G22S-R 149N43W29CCBB 0000620682

Sand and gravel aquifers (glaciated regions)
Glacial Surficial Sand and/or Gravel

LOCATION - Lat 47°41'25.1", long 96°12'05.86" referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in NE 1/4 NE 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.32, T.149 N., R.43 W., Polk County, MN, Hydrologic Unit 09020303, 20.0 miles east and 2.2 miles south of Crookston, Minnesota; 2.3 miles west of Mentor, Minnesota.

GROUNDWATER RECORDS

WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 29.77 ft. Upper casing diameter 2.04 in; top of first opening 24.93 ft, bottom of last opening 29.23 ft. The hole for well G22S was drilled with a 8.25-inch diameter, hydraulic rotary drill rig, on 17 July 2003 to a depth of 35 feet. The well is constructed of a 4.30-foot-long, 2.04-inch-diameter, flush-threaded schedule-40 PVC, 0.010-inch slotted screen attached to 24.93 feet of 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC casing. The casing stickup was 2.41 feet above land surface on 17 July 2003. The open interval of the well is 24.93 - 29.23 feet below land surface and the total well depth is 29.77 feet.

DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,185.55 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: MP is mark on top of casing, NOT protection post, 2.41 ft above land-surface datum, Jul. 17, 2003 to present.

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Hourly water levels are recorded from 18 Jul. 2003 at 11:00 CDT to the present, except during the following periods: 

May 01, 2008 at 16:00 CDT - May 06, 2008 at 15:00 CDT: due to station failure.

Dec. 22, 2010 at 06:00 CST - Dec. 24, 2010 at 21:00 CDT: due to station failure.

When possible, missing daily-average water levels (above) were accurately estimated based on the trend of the hydrograph during these periods.

As of 20 April 2016 at 13:30 CDT, data collection for the Glacial Ridge project has ended. Hourly water levels continue to be recorded and semiannual calibration measurements continue to be collected. However, water levels are only being corrected and approved as time allows.  Water temperature data were worked and approved during 20 April 2016 - 24 Oct. 2018 in March 2019.

GAGE -

Water level and water temperature were measured with a Design Analysis H-310 submersible pressure transducer nominally accurate to 0.01 feet and 0.1°C, respectively. A Texas Electronics, Inc. TR-525I, unheated, tipping-bucket rain gage measures precipitation and is nominally accurate to 0.01 inches. Water level, water temperature, precipitation, shelter temperature, and battery voltage are all recorded by a Campbell Scientific, Inc. CR206 data logger, which records all data hourly (except quarter-hourly precipitation). On 20 April 2016 at 13:39 CDT, the datalogger program was updated to record only hourly water level, water temperature, and precipitation (no longer quarter-hourly). The data logger is housed in a 14-inch X 16-inch grey fiberglass shelter attached to the well. The gage is powered by a 10W solar panel and 12v, 12 amphr station battery and is telemetered by radio to telephone telemetry.

COOPERATION - During 2003-2016, this site was operated as part of a study to understand hydrologic changes resulting from wetland and prairie restoration and climate change. The station was funded in cooperation with the Red Lake Watershed District, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Nature Conservancy, and the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund.

REMARKS -

This well is affected by pumping from a nearby well in a lower confined aquifer and by irrigation from this pumped water.

As of 20 April 2016 at 13:30 CDT, data collection for the Glacial Ridge project has ended. Hourly water levels continue to be recorded and semiannual calibration measurements continue to be collected. However, water levels are only being corrected and approved as time allows.  Water temperature data were worked and approved during 20 April 2016 - 24 Oct. 2018 in March 2019. 

Measured groundwater levels are precise to two decimal places, not the 3 decimal places reported. Differences between subsequent groundwater levels are precise to 3 decimal places, however. Three-decimal place precision is useful at this site for hydrologic analyses such as estimation of groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration.

CLIMATOLOGICAL RECORDS

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Precipitation are recorded hourly during 05 May 2004 at 17:00 CDT - to the present, except during the following periods: 

Apr. 07, 2005 at 18:00 CDT - Dec. 31, 2006 at 23:00 CST: due to station failure.

Jan. 01, 2007 at 00:00 CDT - Aug. 21, 2011 at 18:00 CDT: data was deleted due to false tips.

Jan. 12, 2014 - Apr. 01, 2014: rainfall events not recorded due to multiplier resetting to zero.

Jun. 10, 2014 - Jul. 09, 2014: rainfall events not recorded due to multiplier resetting to zero.

Jun. 14, 2015 at 16:00 CDT - Apr. 20, 2016 at 14:00 CDT: due to damaged rain gage wire.

When possible, missing precipitation daily-sums (above) were accurately estimated based on precipitation records from the nearby Glacial Ridge Project rain gages.

Precipitation was corrected and approved until Oct. 12, 2015. Precipitation continues to be recorded but raingage maintenance and calibration data collection ceased on Oct. 12, 2015.

INSTRUMENTATION - Precipitation is currently measured with a Texas Electronics TRP-525I tipping-bucket rain gage, which is accurate to 0.01 inches. This rain gage was installed at this site on 12 July 2012. The rain gage is unheated and uncovered during the winter. Thus precipitation data during freezing periods (about December through early April) result from melting of snow during warm periods and do NOT represent actual precipitation. During 05 May 2004 to 12 July 2012, precipitation was measured with a Weather Measure Corp. 7.9-inch P-501 tipping-bucket rain gage accurate to 0.01 inch. The rain gage is unheated and uncovered during the winter. Thus precipitation data during freezing periods (about December through early April) result from melting of snow during warm periods and do NOT represent actual precipitation.

REMARKS -

The rain gage at this site is affected by irrigation. Many precipitation events during the summer growing season are events associated from the center-pivot irrigation system passing over the rain gage.

Precipitation record during 01 January 2007 to 21 August 2011 have been removed because of false readings were recorded by a poor rain gage installation. The installation was repaired on Aug. 21, 2011.

Precipitation record during Jun. 14, 2015 at 16:00 CDT to Apr. 20, 2016 at 14:00 CDT have been removed because the wire between the rain gage and data logger was damaged and shorting-out. This caused false precipitation data to be recorded during this period, which has since been removed.

Precipitation was corrected and approved until Oct. 12, 2015. Thereafter, precipitation continues to be recorded but raingage maintenance and calibration data collection has ceased.

WATER-QUALITY RECORDS

WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 29.77 ft. Upper casing diameter 2.04 in; top of first opening 24.93 ft, bottom of last opening 29.23 ft. The hole for well G22S was drilled with a 8.25-inch diameter, hydraulic rotary drill rig, on 17 July 2003 to a depth of 35 feet. The well is constructed of a 4.30-foot-long, 2.04-inch-diameter, flush-threaded schedule-40 PVC, 0.010-inch slotted screen attached to 24.93 feet of 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC casing. The casing stickup was 2.41 feet above land surface on 17 July 2003. The open interval of the well is 24.93 - 29.23 feet below land surface and the total well depth is 29.77 feet.

DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,185.55 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: MP is mark on top of casing, NOT protection post, 2.41 ft above land-surface datum, Jul. 17, 2003 to present.

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Hourly water temperatures are recorded during 18 July 2003 at 11:00 CDT to the present, except during the following periods: 

May 01, 2008 at 16:00 CDT - May 06, 2008 at 15:00 CDT: due to station failure.

Dec. 22, 2010 at 06:00 CST - Dec. 24, 2010 at 21:00 CDT: due to station failure.

When possible, missing daily-average water temperatures (above) were accurately estimated based on the trend of the thermograph during these periods.

NOTE: On 15 May 2013, the transducer containing the thermistor that measures water temperature was lowered 1.6 ft. in the well, due to the well and transducer nearly going dry during this time. This change slightly affected the thermograph; lowering its amplitude toward the thermograph mean. To reflect this change, water temperature data are now stored in a different data stream (data descriptor 8) than before the transducer was lowered (data descriptor 2) and sensor depth was added to the data stream descriptor.

As of 20 April 2016 at 13:30 CDT, data collection for the Glacial Ridge project has ended. Hourly water temperature continues to be recorded and calibration measurements continue to be collected. However, water levels are only being corrected and approved as time allows.  Water temperature data were worked and approved during 20 April 2016 - 24 Oct. 2018 in March 2019.

COOPERATION - During 2003-2016, this site was operated as part of a study to understand hydrologic changes resulting from wetland and prairie restoration and climate change. The station was funded in cooperation with the Red Lake Watershed District, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Nature Conservancy, and the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund.

INSTRUMENTATION - Water temperature is measured with a Design Analysis H-310 submersible pressure transducer accurate to +/- 1.0°C. Temperature differences are accurate to 0.1°C.