USGS Water-Year Summary 2023

474921093144001 WLN01 062N23W26CDCDAB Togo 0000612778

Sand and gravel aquifers (glaciated regions)
Outwash, Surficial Sand

LOCATION - Lat 47°49'20.88", long 93°14'38.65" referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in SW 1/4 SE 1/4 SW 1/4 sec.26, T.62 N., R.23 W., Itasca County, MN, Hydrologic Unit 09030005, 4.1 miles west of Togo, Minnesota. The land surface at the site is 1397.15 ±0.08 feet above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

REVISIONS HISTORY - The submersible pressure transducer appeared to be periodically failing during 15 Aug. 2010 - 11 Apr. 2011. These previously approved water level data were corrected by removing many periods of inaccurate water level spikes. Many daily-average water level values were then estimated based on the trend of the hydrograph during this period. These water level data have been re-approved and are now considered more accurate during this problematic period. All water level elevation, ft. NAVD88 data during 29 Sept. 2005 at 11:00 CDT to 25 Apr. 2016 at 23:00 CDT were adjusted by +6.15 ft. This adjustment was made to correct to a more accurate survey of the site's land surface datum elevation. The differential GPS survey was completed at the site on 19 Oct. 2016.

GROUNDWATER RECORDS

WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 31.66 ft. Upper casing diameter 2 in; top of first opening 26 ft, bottom of last opening 31 ft. The hole for well WLN01 was drilled with an 8.25-inch-diameter power auger on 13 August 1999 to a depth of 44 feet. The well is constructed of a 5-feet-long, 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC,0.010-inch slotted, flush-threaded screen attached to about 26 feet of 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC casing. The casing stickup was 2.25 feet above land surface on 13 August 1999. The open interval of the well is 26 - 31 feet below land surface and the total well depth is 31.66 feet.

DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,397.15 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: MP is top of casing, not protection post, 2.25 ft above land-surface datum, Aug. 13, 1999 to present.

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Periodic water levels were recorded from 13 August 1999 to 09 December 2003. Hourly water levels are recorded from 29 September 2005 to 21 June 2010 with a pressure transducer and data logger. Half-hourly water levels are recorded from 21 June 2010 to 21 November 2013 with a pressure transducer and data logger. Hourly water levels are recorded from 21 November 2013 to the present with a pressure transducer and data logger, except during the following periods:

13 Dec. 2005 at 13:00 CST: due to site visit. 
10 Feb. 2007 at 14:00 CST: due to site visit. 
11 Sept. 2007 at 22:00 CDT: due to site visit. 
08 Feb. 2009 at 15:00 CST: due to site visit. 
15 Aug. 2010 - 11 Apr. 2011, intermittent gaps: due to failing transducer 
29 Nov. 2011 at 07:30 CST - 19 Jan. 2012 at 11:30 CST: due to failing transducer. 
23 Oct. 2014 at 15:00 CDT: due to a site visit. 
01 Sept. 2015 at 11:00-14:00 CDT: due to data telemetry issue. 
25 Jul. 2015 at 22:00 CDT - 28 Jul. 2015 at 11:00 CDT: due to a dead station battery. 
20 Mar. 2016 at 15:00-20:00 CDT: due to data telemetry issue. 
24 Marc. 2016 at 21:00 CDT - 25 Marc. 2016 at 14:00 CDT: due to data telemetry issue. 
12 Apr. 2016 at 08:00-17:00 CDT: due to data telemetry issue.
12 Nov. 2020 at 01:00 CST - 20 Nov. 2020 at 13:00 CST: due to transducer failure.
20 Nov. 2020 at 14:00 CST - 02 Dec. 2020 at 12:00 CST: due to replacement transducer recording inaccurate data.
25 Dec. 2020 at 15:00 CST - 04 Jan. 2021 at 11:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
04 Jan. 2021 at 16:00 CST - 05 Jan. 2021 at 09:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
05 Jan. 2021 at 19:00 CST - 06 Jan. 2021 at 10:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
06 Jan. 2021 at 19:00 CST - 07 Jan. 2021 at 10:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
07 Jan. 2021 at 18:00 CST - 08 Jan. 2021 at 09:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
08 Jan. 2021 at 16:00 CST - 11 Jan. 2021 at 10:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
11 Jan. 2021 at 14:00 CST - 12 Jan. 2021 at 10:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
12 Jan. 2021 at 21:00 CST - 13 Jan. 2021 at 09:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
13 Jan. 2021 at 18:00 CST - 02 Feb. 2021 at 14:00 CST: due to dead station battery.

When possible, the missing daily-average water levels (above) were estimated based on the trend of the hydrograph during these periods until 1 July 2016.

GAGE -

Water level and water temperature are currently measured with a WaterLOG H-3123 submersible pressure transducer nominally accurate to 0.01 feet and 0.1°C, respectively. A Texas Electronics, Inc. TR525I, unheated, tipping-bucket rain gage measures precipitation and is nominally accurate to 0.01 inches. Water level, water temperature, precipitation, shelter temperature, and battery voltage are all recorded by a Campbell Scientific, Inc. CR295X data logger, which records all data hourly (except quarter-hourly precipitation). The data logger is housed in a Hoffman look-in type shelter mounted directly over the well (2-inch PVC well casing with 6-inch steel protection post). The gage is currently powered by direct 110v AC power and a 12v, 35Ah station battery and is telemetered by GOES satellite telemetry with a Campbell Scientific, Inc. TX321-G GOES V2 HDR data transmitter. There are also (2) 20W solar panels installed at the site, which are wired into the power input for the site as a backup power source, if the 110v AC power goes down.

COOPERATION - Well WLN01 is operated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate-Response Network (CRN) program.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD -

Highest instantaneous water level: 21.52 ft. below land-surface datum on 28 October 2016.
Lowest instantaneous water level: 24.66 ft below land-surface datum, 17 April 2008.

Highest manual (discrete) water level: 19.40 ft. below land-surface datum on 23 November 1999 & 23 January 2000.
Lowest manual (discrete) water level: 24.02 ft below land-surface datum on 16 April 2014.

CLIMATOLOGICAL RECORDS

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Quarter-hourly precipitation is recorded from 03 September 2014 at 17:15 CDT to the present, except during the following periods:

08 Aug. 2015 at 23:30 CDT - 09 Aug. 2015 at 04:15 CDTL due to an unknown reason. 
25 Jul. 2015 at 22:00 CDT - 28 Jul. 2015 at 11:00 CDT: due to a dead station battery. 
20 Mar. 2016 at 15:30 CDT - 21 Mar. 2016 at 06:15 CDT: likely due to data transmission issue. 
24 Mar. 2016 at 23:30 CDT - 25 Mar. 2016 at 23:15 CDT: likely due to data transmission issue. 
02 Apr. 2016 at 13:30-22:15 CDT: likely due to data transmission issue. 
12 Apr. 2016 at 11:30-15:15 CDT: likely due to data transmission issue.
25 Dec. 2020 at 14:30 CST - 03 Jan. 2021 at 12:15 CST: due to dead station battery.
Intermittent gaps during 03 Jan. 2021 at 14:00 CST - 02 Feb. 2021 at 12:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
Intermittent gaps during 04 Dec. 2021 at 04:30 CST - 07 Dec. 2021 at 12:15 CST: due to dead station battery.
20 Jun. 2022 at 22:00 CDT - 07 Jul. 2022 at 09:15 CDT: due to a plugged rain gage funnel.

When possible, the missing daily-sum precipitation values (above) were estimated based on nearby rain gages and/or physical site conditions during these periods until 1 July 2016.

INSTRUMENTATION - Precipitation is measured with a Texas Electronics TRP-525I tipping-bucket rain gage, which is accurate to 0.01 inches. The rain gage is unheated and uncovered during the winter. Thus precipitation data during freezing periods (about December through early April) result from melting of snow during warm periods and do NOT represent actual precipitation.

WATER-QUALITY RECORDS

WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 31.66 ft. Upper casing diameter 2 in; top of first opening 26 ft, bottom of last opening 31 ft. The hole for well WLN01 was drilled with an 8.25-inch-diameter power auger on 13 August 1999 to a depth of 44 feet. The well is constructed of a 5-feet-long, 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC,0.010-inch slotted, flush-threaded screen attached to about 26 feet of 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC casing. The casing stickup was 2.25 feet above land surface on 13 August 1999. The open interval of the well is 26 - 31 feet below land surface and the total well depth is 31.66 feet.

DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,397.15 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: MP is top of casing, not protection post, 2.25 ft above land-surface datum, Aug. 13, 1999 to present.

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Hourly water temperature is recorded from 21 November 2013 at 16:00 CDT, except during the following periods:

29 Nov. 2011 at 07:30 CST - 19 Jan. 2012 at 11:30 CST: due to failing transducer.
25 Jul. 2015 at 22:00 CDT - 28 Jul. 2015 at 11:00 CDT: due to a dead station battery.
20 Oct. 2016 at 09:00-11:00 CDT: due to replacing the pressure transducer.
25 Dec. 2020 at 15:00 CST - 04 Jan. 2021 at 11:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
04 Jan. 2021 at 16:00 CST - 05 Jan. 2021 at 09:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
05 Jan. 2021 at 19:00 CST - 06 Jan. 2021 at 10:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
06 Jan. 2021 at 19:00 CST - 07 Jan. 2021 at 10:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
07 Jan. 2021 at 18:00 CST - 08 Jan. 2021 at 09:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
08 Jan. 2021 at 16:00 CST - 11 Jan. 2021 at 10:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
11 Jan. 2021 at 14:00 CST - 12 Jan. 2021 at 10:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
12 Jan. 2021 at 21:00 CST - 13 Jan. 2021 at 09:00 CST: due to dead station battery.
13 Jan. 2021 at 18:00 CST - 02 Feb. 2021 at 14:00 CST: due to dead station battery.

When possible, the missing daily-average water temperatures (above) were estimated based on the trend of the thermograph during these periods until 1 July 2016.

COOPERATION - Well WLN01 is operated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Climate-Response Network (CRN) program.

INSTRUMENTATION - Water temperatures are currently measured with a WaterLOG H-3123 submersible pressure transducer during 20 Oct. 2016 at 10:00 CDT to the present, which are accurate to ±0.1°C. Differences in temperature are also accurate to 0.1°C. Water temperature were measured with a KPSI 500 submersible pressure transducer during 21 Nov. 2013 at 16:00 CDT to 20 Oct. 2016 at 11:00 CDT, which were accurate to ±0.3°C, due to noisiness in the water temperature record. Differences in temperature are accurate to 0.3°C.